For those who have never dealt with code, Python is the best choice. It is also used in Data Science and machine learning, for creating scripts in 3D editors and, of course, in web development.
Google uses Python to rank search results, and it also powers YouTube, Dropbox, and Reddit. The Django framework is also written in this language – a universal tool for web developers, which is responsible for creating the external interface and working on the server.
If you want to go into web development, decide what interests you more: backend or frontend. Here is what you need to master for each specialty:
front end
HTML and CSS are markup languages that help the elements of a site to appear in the browser in the right places.
Javascript is a language that adds dynamics to the site: button click animation, product cards movement, notification sending.
Python is a versatile language that is suitable for frontend development as well as backend and other interesting tasks.
In addition, you will need a basic knowledge of the basics of web technologies. For example, you need to know how the http protocol works or why data encryption is necessary.
backend
Go is a backend language with a simple syntax. Suitable for large projects and high-load applications such as YouTube or Ozon.
PHP is an easy-to-learn language, suitable only for the backend, but experts advise you to pay attention to more modern tools.
Java is a universal language that has been in use for over 20 years. Code written in Java works the same on different devices, which is its basic advantage.Beginning mobile application developers should decide which operating system they will work with, because the code for iOS and Android is written in different languages.
iOS
Objective-C is Apple’s programming language, which is used primarily for MacOS. iOS apps used to write in it too, but now mobile developers mostly use Swift.
Swift is a clear and logical language that reflects the main qualities of iOS – functionality and performance.
Android
Java is a cross-platform language for creating mobile and server applications. You can also write backend for websites on it.
Kotlin is an alternative language to Java, most of the new code is now being written in it. But Java is worth knowing in order to navigate the already written code, and thanks to the compatibility of languages, Kotlin and Java code can be mixed in one project.
In gamedev, the choice of language depends on the level of projects and platforms you want to work with:
C++ – required if you plan to create large AAA projects with photorealistic graphics for PlayStation and Xbox. In this case, it will definitely not work with easy-to-learn basic languages. Detailed article about C++.
C# (C-sharp) is a language for the Unity engine developed by Microsoft. It is especially popular in Russia and is considered easier to learn than C++. Initially, projects were created on it exclusively for PC, but now code written in C # can be ported to Android, iOS, Xbox and other platforms.